Peritonitis – Causes, Symptoms and Treatment
The membrane lining the abdominal cavity and the organs inside the abdomen such as the stomach and the intestines is known as the peritoneum. Peritonitis is a disorder of the peritoneum that develops when this two-layered membrane lining the inner wall of the abdomen is swollen. This is a severe illness that needs prompt medical attention. In the absence of proper treatment, inflammation of the peritoneum could lead to serious health complications, and even death.
Causes of peritonitis
A bacterial or fungal infection causes inflammation of the peritoneum. The infection usually spreads from fluid buildup in the abdominal cavity. The fluid accumulating in the abdomen facilitates growth of bacteria, which consequently infects the peritoneum, causing peritonitis. Liver damage due to cirrhosis or liver cancer is often associated with fluid buildup in the abdominal cavity. People undergoing peritoneal dialysis are susceptible to peritonitis. In peritoneal dialysis, the abdominal blood vessels are used for filtering the blood. If proper caution is not taken during this process or if proper hygiene is not maintained during dialysis, infection can develop in the peritoneum.
A ruptured appendix could spread infection to different organs in the abdomen including the peritoneum. People suffering from pancreatitis, diverticulitis and stomach ulcer have a risk of developing peritonitis. Abdominal injury might cause bacteria to enter the abdominal cavity, causing peritonitis.
Symptoms of peritonitis
People suffering from peritonitis experience abdominal pain, fever, bloating, nausea and vomiting. Despite increase in thirst, their urine output would decrease. They will have difficulty in passing stool and even gas. Peritonitis could also cause fatigue, appetite loss and diarrhea.
Peritonitis treatment
The bacterial infection of the peritoneum is treated with antibiotic medications. Underlying infections or health disorders should be treated to prevent further health complications. Through proper bowel movement, the toxins and wastes present in the stomach, which are the breeding ground of bacteria, could be eliminated from the gut. People suffering from peritonitis should include dietary fibers in their diet. Psyllium husk could improve bowel movement. If diverticulitis is responsible for peritonitis, you should avoid foods that increase residue formation. Avoid consuming seeds, nuts and skins of fruits and vegetables. Omega 3 fatty acids found in fish oil or omega 3 supplements could help to reduce the inflammation.
